localism

noun localisms

1. uncountable Attachment to or preference for a particular local place, especially the place where one lives; hence, feelings, opinions, or policies which emphasize or focus on local phenomena; (countable) an instance of this. [H]e vvas ſtyled a patriot vvho, juſt tovvard his countrymen, and unjuſt to others, vvas blind to the merits of ſtrangers, and believed the very vices of his ovvn country to be perfections.—In ſuch a case, vvhy not reſtrain that love vvithin a narrovver compaſs, to citizens living in the ſame tovvn,
2. countable, uncountable The policy or practice of giving more control and decision-making power to local authorities or residents, rather than to the central government; also, support for this. Localism may strengthen not just the selfless (eg, people who want to build a village hall) but also the selfish (who want to stop any new building in their backyard).

   Similar: localization

3. countable A thing which is characteristic of a particular local place.
4. countable A linguistic feature such as a word or phrase that is unique to a locality. Their domestic language was the one their grandparents had brought from Spain across Venezuela in the previous century, revitalized by Caribbean localisms, the Africanisms of slaves, and fragments of the Goajiro language that filtered into ours, drop by drop.
5. uncountable An approach to understanding linguistic expressions in terms of movement and position (sometimes abstract; for example, one who is hungry is said to be in a notional "space" of hunger). Stronger and weaker versions of localism can be distinguished according to the range of grammatical categories and constructions that are brought within its scope. At its weakest, the localist hypothesis is restricted to the incontrovertible fact that temporal expressions, in many unrelated language
6. uncountable The belief that language functions are localized to various parts of the brain.
7. historical, uncountable The belief that fevers or diseases causing them originate from particular organs or parts of the body, or are due to conditions in a particular local place where patients live. Neither the morbid phenomena, nor the post-mortem appearances, in these cases, gave any support to the theory of localism, or the doctrine that teaches that there is no such disease as essential fever; that universally it is a symptomatic, not idiopathic affection; […]