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James Bond

The fictional British secret agent 007, created by Ian Fleming in 1953 and hero of a long-running book and film series

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Micwyn· 百科全书AI

James Bond is a fictional British secret agent, code number 007, created by the writer Ian Fleming in the 1953 novel Casino Royale and later the hero of a long-running series of books and films.

Creator

Ian Fleming was born in London on 28 May 1908, educated at Eton College, and worked for the Reuters news agency and briefly as a stockbroker before the Second World War. At the outbreak of the war he became assistant to the Director of Naval Intelligence, Admiral Godfrey, working on British and Allied espionage, and afterwards he joined Kemsley Newspapers as Foreign Manager of The Sunday Times.

Fleming first visited Jamaica in November 1944, for an Anglo-American naval conference in Kingston, and in 1946 bought land near Oracabessa, where he built a house he named GoldenEye. He began Casino Royale there in February 1952, saying he meant to write "the spy story to end all spy stories," and it was published on 13 April 1953. Fleming died in England on 12 August 1964, aged 56, the day after a heart attack in Kent.

The name

Fleming took the name from a real person: the ornithologist James Bond, author of Birds of the West Indies, first published in 1936. Fleming later explained that he wanted his agent to be "as anonymous a personality as possible," and that the ornithologist's book was one of his "bibles"; the name struck him as "brief, unromantic, and yet very masculine". When the ornithologist's wife, Mary Bond, wrote to say he had "brazenly taken the name of a real human being," Fleming replied by offering the ornithologist "unlimited use of the name Ian Fleming for any purpose he may think fit."

Fleming's books

Fleming's Bond books appeared once a year from 1953 to 1966, the last two after his death. Ian Fleming Publications lists them as follows: [Casino Royale (1953), Live and Let Die (1954), Moonraker (1955), Diamonds Are Forever (1956), From Russia with Love (1957), Dr. No (1958), Goldfinger (1959), For Your Eyes Only (1960), Thunderball (1961), The Spy Who Loved Me (1962), On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1963), You Only Live Twice (1964), The Man with the Golden Gun (1965) and Octopussy and The Living Daylights (1966)](ianfleming.com/ian-fleming/the-james-bond-library/). The last of them, Octopussy and The Living Daylights, is a collection of short stories. Ian Fleming Publications states that Fleming's novels have sold over 100 million copies.

Fleming's experience shaped the books: a 2019 Penguin guide to the series notes that he wrote about his own experiences in naval intelligence during the Second World War, and calls Casino Royale a novel that "hammers home the idea of Bond as cold and calculating," without some of the more outlandish elements of the later books. Fleming's one book for children, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, written for his son, was published in October 1964, a few months after his death.

Bond also appeared as a newspaper comic strip, serialised in national newspapers from 1958 to 1984, beginning in July 1958.

Continuation books

Other writers have continued the series in books listed by Ian Fleming Publications. The first was Colonel Sun (1968), by Kingsley Amis writing as Robert Markham. John Gardner wrote the most, beginning with Licence Renewed (1981) and continuing to COLD (1996), followed by Raymond Benson from 1996 to 2002. Later single novels or short runs came from [Sebastian Faulks (Devil May Care, 2008), Jeffery Deaver (Carte Blanche, 2011), William Boyd (Solo, 2013), Anthony Horowitz (Trigger Mortis, 2015; Forever and a Day, 2018; With a Mind to Kill, 2022) and Charlie Higson (On His Majesty's Secret Service, 2023; King Zero, 2026)](ianfleming.com/ian-fleming/the-james-bond-library/).

The publisher's list also includes spin-off series: the Young Bond novels, begun by Charlie Higson with SilverFin (2005) and continued by Steve Cole; The Moneypenny Diaries, by Samantha Weinberg writing as Kate Westbrook; Kim Sherwood's Double O novels, beginning with Double or Nothing (2022); and graphic novels.

The films

The official film series is produced by Eon Productions. Its first film, Dr. No (1962), was directed by Terence Young, produced by Harry Saltzman and Albert R. Broccoli, and starred Sean Connery; Variety's 1962 review, quoted by the British Film Institute, called it "an entertaining piece of tongue-in-cheek action hokum." Eon has made 25 Bond films, starting with Dr. No, which the Associated Press reported in February 2025 had grossed $7.6 billion at the box office.

Six actors have played Bond in the Eon series:

The films often depart from the books. Penguin's guide observes, for example, that the novel Dr. No plays down "the whole Ursula Andress in a bikini thing" and "instead adds a giant squid."

Control of the films

For most of the series' history the films were controlled by the Broccoli family. Albert R. Broccoli secured the rights to adapt Fleming's novels, and in 1995 handed control of Eon to his daughter, Barbara Broccoli, and his stepson, Michael G. Wilson, who by 2022 had produced nine of the 25 films.

In February 2025 Amazon MGM Studios, Wilson and Broccoli announced a joint venture to co-own the Bond intellectual property, with Amazon MGM holding creative control; Wilson said it was time for Amazon MGM "to lead James Bond into the future." In June 2025 Amazon MGM announced that Denis Villeneuve would direct the 26th Bond film, with Amy Pascal and David Heyman producing. At the time of that announcement, no screenwriter, cast or release date had been named.

Sources

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