Harden
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harden¹
- /ˈhɑɹdn̩/ US
- /ˈhɑːdn̩/ UK
Rhymes with -ɑː(ɹ)dən
Where it comes from
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kret-der.?
Proto-Germanic *harduz
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Proto-Germanic *-janą
Proto-Germanic *hardijaną
Proto-West Germanic *hardijan
Old English hierdan
▲
Proto-Germanic *harduz
Proto-Indo-European *-yos
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Proto-Germanic *-jaz
Proto-West Germanic *-ī
Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī)
Proto-Germanic *-āną
Proto-West Germanic *-ēn
Proto-West Germanic *hardēn
Old English heardian
Middle English harden
Proto-Indo-European *-o-
Proto-Indo-European *-nom
Proto-Indo-European *-onom
Proto-Germanic *-aną
▲
Proto-Germanic *-janą
Old English -an
Middle English -en
Middle English hardenen
English harden
From Middle English hardenen, equivalent to hard + -en. Cognate with Danish hærdne (“to harden; cure”), Swedish hårdna (“to harden”), Norwegian herdne (“to harden”), Icelandic harðna (“to harden”).
verb hardens · hardening · hardened
- To become hard. The Chief Medical Officer of London Transport believes that public opinion against smoking will harden to the point of a total bar on the Underground, as in other countries.
- To make something hard or harder.
- To strengthen. In view of the system's relatively low cost, the preferred alternative could be for the military user to avail himself of multiple base stations rather than seeking to harden the base station hardware for defense applications.
- To modify (a website or other system) to make it resistant to malicious attacks.
- To become or make (a person or thing) resistant or less sensitive. (obs.)
- To get an erection. He hardened as he imagined himself running his hands over her small breasts
- To become or make (a consonant) more fortis; to (cause to) undergo fortition.
- To unpalatalize or velarize. Of course one needs to keep in mind the fact that *tʹ and *dʹ are hardened before *e and *i in Ukrainian and Rusyn[…]
Similar: anneal, harden, indurate, obdurate, sclerotise, solidify, steel, stiffen, temper
harden²
- /ˈhɑɹdn̩/ US
- /ˈhɑːdn̩/ UK
Rhymes with -ɑː(ɹ)dən
noun hardens
- Alternative form of hurden (“coarse linen”).hurden
Harden³
proper noun Hardens
- A surname.
- A suburb in the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall, West Midlands, England (OS grid ref SK0101).
- A village and civil parish (with a village council) in the Metropolitan Borough of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England (OS grid ref SE0838).
- A town in Hilltops council area, southern New South Wales, Australia.