אדום

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Compare Akkadian 𒌑𒁺𒈠𒀀𒀀, Classical Syriac ܐܕܘܡ, Arabic ادوم, Edomite 𐤀𐤃𐤌 (ʾdm).

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From אָדֹם (“red”), see Genesis 25:30. Attested to in Ancient Egyptian as Egyptian jdwmꜥi-A2-d-W-m:a-T14-N25

The medieval use of "Edom" to refer to Christians referred to the Jewish view of Christianity as a heresy that originated from Judaism, comparing Christians to Esau as a relative who was hostile to Jacob (who represented the Jewish people). It originated from Jewish writings that compared Herod the Great's tyrannical rule and Idumean origins with his Roman superiors, and then to the Roman Empire by extension for its emperors' persecution of Jewish people. It was later applied to Christianity when the latter became the state religion of the Roman Empire.