virtual

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virtual

  • /ˈvɜːt͡ʃʊəl/ UK
  • /ˈvɜːt͡ʃ(ʊ)l/ UK
  • /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/ US
  • /ˈvɵːt͡ʃuəl/ New Zealand
  • /ˈvɵːt͡ʃəl/ New Zealand
  • [ˈvɵːt͡ʃɯ(l)] New Zealand

Rhymes with -ɜː(ɹ)tʃuəl, -ɜːtʃəl

Where it comes from

PIE word

*wiHrós

The adjective is derived from Middle English vertual, virtual [and other forms], from Old French vertüal, vertüelle (modern French virtuel), or from their etymon Medieval Latin virtuālis (“of or pertaining to potency or power; having power to produce an effect, potent; morally virtuous”), from Latin virtūs (“goodness, virtue; manliness, virility”) (from vir (“adult male, man”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós (“man”), possibly from *weyh₁- (“to chase, hunt, pursue”)) + -tūs (suffix forming collective or abstract nouns)) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship), modelled after virtuōsus (“good, virtuous”).

Sense 4 (“pertaining to a theoretical infinitesimal velocity in a mechanical system that does not violate the system’s constraints”) is borrowed from French virtuel, from Middle French virtuel, from Old French vertüal, vertüelle: see above.

The noun is derived from the adjective.

Cognates

* French virtuel

* Italian virtuale

* Spanish virtual

adjective vertual · virtuall · vertuall

  1. not comparable In effect or essence, rather than in fact or reality; also, imitated, simulated. In fact a defeat on the battlefield, Tet was a virtual victory for the North, owing to its effect on public opinion.

    Similar: de facto · Opposite: actual, real, true, veritable

  2. not comparable For practical purposes, though not technically; almost complete, very near. The angry peasants were a virtual army as they attacked the castle.
  3. not comparable Operating using a computer and/or online rather than physically present. a virtual assistant; a virtual personal trainer
  4. not comparable Simulated in a computer and/or online. virtual machine; virtual memory; virtual private network
  5. not comparable Of a class member: capable of being overridden with a different implementation in a subclass.
  6. not comparable Pertaining to a theoretical infinitesimal velocity in a mechanical system that does not violate the system's constraints; also, of other physical quantities: resulting from such a velocity. virtual displacement; virtual work
  7. not comparable Pertaining to a theoretical quality of something which would produce an observable effect if counteracting factors such as friction are disregarded; specifically, of a head of water: producing a certain pressure if friction, etc., is disregarded.
  8. not comparable Chiefly in virtual focus: of a focus or point: from which light or other radiation apparently emanates; also, of an image: produced by light that appears to diverge from a point beyond the reflecting or refracting surface.

    Opposite: real

  9. not comparable, particle Pertaining to particles in temporary existence due to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
  10. not comparable Of a quantum state: having an intermediate, short-lived, and unobservable nature.
  11. not comparable, obsolete Having efficacy or power due to some natural qualities. [H]is ſenſes flame / Flovv'd from his parts, vvith force ſo virtuall, / It fir'd vvith ſence things meere inſenſuall.
  12. also, figuratively, not comparable, obsolete, specifically Of a plant or other thing: having strong healing powers; virtuous.
  13. not comparable, obsolete Having the power of acting without the agency of some material or measurable thing; possessing invisible efficacy. VVater, being contiguous vvith Aire, Cooleth it, but Moiſteneth it not, except it Vapour. The Cauſe is, for that Heat, and Cold haue a Virtuall Tranſition, vvithout Communication of Subſtance; but Moiſture not: […]
  14. not comparable, obsolete Producing, or able to produce, some result; effective, efficacious. For Dr. [John] Dee, in his Mathematical Preface to Euclids Elements of Geometrie, hath vvorthily taken pains to make Architecture a Mathematical Science; and as a vertual Proof of his ovvn Learned Plea, quotes tvvo Authentique Authors, viz. Vitruvius and Leo Baptiſta [i.e., Leon Battista Alberti], [
  15. not comparable, obsolete Synonym of virtuous (“full of virtue; having excellent moral character”). The moſt in ſoule deiected; the moſt baſe, / And moſt vnſeruiceable weede, vnles / You by your heauenly Influence change his vilenes / Into a vertuall habit fit for vſe.

    Similar: virtuous

Similar: cyberreal

noun virtuals

  1. uncountable Preceded by the: that which is imitated or simulated rather than existing in fact or reality; (countable) an instance of this.
  2. uncountable That which is simulated in a computer and/or online; virtual reality; (countable) an instance of this; specifically (gambling), a computer simulation of a real-world sport such as horse racing.
  3. countable A virtual (adjective sense 3.3) member function of a class.

Thesaurus

Closest in meaning: practical, realistic, essential, simulated, quasi, fictional, versatile, theoretical, fictitious, notional, seeming, imaginary, on-line, actual, practically, effective

adjective

Similar: cyberreal

Translations

Every language

adj in effect or essence, rather than in fact or reality

Españolvirtual
한국어사실상의 sasilsang-ui
日本語事実上の jijitsujō no
Portuguêsvirtual
Françaisvirtuel
Deutschvirtuell, eigentlich
Italianovirtuale
Ελληνικάεικονικός eikonikós
Românăvirtual
Русскийсло́вно slóvno, бу́дто бы búdto by
עבריתכאילו keílu, כביכול kivjakhól

adj for practical purposes, though not technically

Españolvirtual
日本語ほとんど hotondo
Françaispratiquement
Deutschfast, praktisch wie

adj simulated in a computer and/or online

Españolvirtual
日本語仮想の kasō no, バーチャル bācharu
中文虛擬 /虚拟 xūnǐ
हिन्दीवर्चुअल varcual
Portuguêsvirtual
Françaisvirtuel
Deutschcomputersimuliert
Italianovirtuale
Ελληνικάεικονικός eikonikós
Русскийвиртуа́льный virtuálʹnyj
العربيةخَيَالِيّ ḵayāliyy
עבריתווירטואלי virtuáli

adj of a class member: capable of being overridden with a different implementation in a subclass

Españolvirtual
Portuguêsvirtual
Ελληνικάεικονικός eikonikós
Русскийвиртуа́льный virtuálʹnyj
עבריתווירטואלי virtuáli

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Cite this
MLA

"virtual." Wiktionary, via Micwyn, micwyn.com/word/virtual. Accessed 6 Nov. 2026.

APA

virtual. (n.d.). In Wiktionary, via Micwyn. Retrieved November 6, 2026, from https://micwyn.com/word/virtual

Chicago

"virtual." Wiktionary, via Micwyn. Accessed November 6, 2026. https://micwyn.com/word/virtual.

BibTeX
@misc{virtual_2026,
  title = {virtual},
  howpublished = {Wiktionary, via Micwyn},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://micwyn.com/word/virtual},
  urldate = {2026-11-06}
}